Patient Education
Endocrinology Education Library
Physician-reviewed articles on thyroid disease, diabetes, hormonal conditions, bone health, and more — written for patients by our team at District Endocrine.
Jump to:
🦋 Thyroid
🩸 Diabetes
⚖️ Weight & Metabolic
🦴 Bone & Calcium
🔬 Hormonal & Reproductive
⚡ Adrenal & Pituitary
🦋 Thyroid Conditions
Thyroid Disease & Disorders
Thyroid
Thyroid Overview
What the thyroid gland does, how it's regulated, and a guide to common thyroid conditions.
Thyroid
Hypothyroidism
Underactive thyroid — causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and levothyroxine treatment explained.
Thyroid
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
The most common autoimmune thyroid disease — understanding the immune attack and what it means for your health.
Thyroid
Hyperthyroidism
Overactive thyroid — symptoms of an accelerated metabolism and three treatment options.
Thyroid
Graves' Disease
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism — the autoimmune mechanism, eye disease, and treatment options.
Thyroid
Thyroid Nodules
How nodules are evaluated, what the Bethesda biopsy system means, and when surgery is needed.
Thyroid
Thyroid Cancer
Types of thyroid cancer, why most have excellent outcomes, and what treatment and surveillance involve.
Thyroid
Thyroid in Pregnancy
Why thyroid changes during pregnancy, risks of untreated disease, and how to manage thyroid conditions safely.
9 min
Thyroid
T3 Thyroid Hormone
Free T3 testing, T4-to-T3 conversion, reverse T3, liothyronine (Cytomel), and why some patients feel better on combination therapy.
Thyroid
Thyroid Function Testing
TSH, free T4, T3, antibodies — what every test means and how to interpret your results.
Thyroid
Goiter
What causes thyroid enlargement, when it becomes a problem, and treatment options.
Thyroid
Thyroiditis
A group of conditions causing thyroid inflammation — from subacute to postpartum to drug-induced.
Thyroid
Thyroidectomy
What to expect from thyroid surgery — types, risks, recovery, and lifelong hormone replacement.
Thyroid
Radioactive Iodine
How RAI selectively targets thyroid tissue, its uses for hyperthyroidism and cancer, and safety precautions.
Thyroid
Thyroid FAQ
Answers to the most common patient questions about thyroid testing, medications, diet, and pregnancy.
Thyroid
Desiccated Thyroid Extract (Armour Thyroid / NP Thyroid)
What DTE is, the FDA regulatory update, ATA guidelines, and when it may be appropriate for select patients.
🩸 Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes
Diabetes Overview
Types of diabetes, how insulin works, symptoms, and the key diagnostic tests explained.
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
The autoimmune form — insulin therapy, modern closed-loop systems, and the latest treatment advances.
Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Insulin resistance, beta cell failure, and the modern treatment approach — including GLP-1s and SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Diabetes
Pre-Diabetes
96 million Americans have it — most don't know. Why it matters and how lifestyle changes reverse it.
Diabetes
Insulin Resistance
The root cause of Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome — how it develops and how to reverse it.
Diabetes
Diabetes Technology & CGM
Continuous glucose monitors, automated insulin delivery, and the metrics that matter most.
Diabetes
Insulin Pumps
How insulin pumps work, who benefits, and the difference between tubed and tubeless systems.
Diabetes
Diabetes Medications
A comprehensive guide to every major diabetes medication class — from metformin to Mounjaro.
Diabetes
Diabetes Complications
Eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart — how diabetes causes damage and how to prevent it.
Diabetes
Diabetes Diet & Nutrition
Evidence-based dietary approaches — Mediterranean, low-carb, DASH — and practical meal planning tips.
Diabetes
Blood Sugar Testing
Understanding glucose targets, what A1C really means, and how to treat hypoglycemia safely.
Diabetes
Diabetes Self-Management Education
Why structured diabetes education is as important as medication — and how to manage sick days.
Diabetes
12 Early Signs of Type 2 Diabetes
Frequent urination, thirst, fatigue, blurred vision — warning signs that prompt early testing can prevent serious complications.
⚖️ Weight & Metabolic Health
Weight, Metabolism & GLP-1 Medications
8 min
Weight & Metabolic
Obesity & Metabolic Health
Why obesity is a complex biological disease — and the breakthroughs in medical treatment including GLP-1 agonists.
7 min
Weight & Metabolic
Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/MASLD)
The most common liver disease you've never heard of — and its close link to insulin resistance.
7 min
Weight & Metabolic
Cholesterol & Lipid Disorders
LDL, HDL, triglycerides, familial hypercholesterolemia, and modern lipid-lowering therapy.
10 min
GLP-1 Medications
GLP-1 Medications: All the Names Explained
Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound — your complete guide to every GLP-1 medication.
9 min
GLP-1 Medications
Ozempic vs. Wegovy: What's the Difference?
Same molecule, different doses. What you need to know about semaglutide.
9 min
GLP-1 Medications
Muscle Loss & Exercise on GLP-1 Medications
Why strength training and protein are essential on Ozempic, Wegovy, or Zepbound.
9 min
GLP-1 Medications
GLP-1 Medications, Fertility & Pregnancy
Restored fertility on GLP-1 therapy — and why these medications are not safe in pregnancy.
🦴 Bone & Calcium
Bone Health & Calcium Disorders
7 min
Bone Health
Osteoporosis & Bone Health
DEXA scanning, fracture risk, calcium, vitamin D, and effective osteoporosis treatments.
7 min
Bone Health
Parathyroid Disorders
Hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, and hypoparathyroidism — the glands behind calcium regulation.
6 min
Bone Health
Vitamin D Deficiency
Why vitamin D matters beyond bones — symptoms, testing, and how much to supplement.
🔬 Hormonal & Reproductive
Hormonal & Reproductive Health
8 min
Reproductive Health
PCOS
Most common hormonal disorder in reproductive-age women — causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
7 min
Men's Health
Male Hypogonadism (Low Testosterone)
Low testosterone — proper diagnosis, testing, and evidence-based treatment options.
6 min
Reproductive Health
Hirsutism (Excess Hair Growth)
Understanding the hormonal causes of unwanted hair growth in women and treatment options.
7 min
Adrenal
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
A genetic disorder affecting cortisol and androgen production — diagnosis and lifelong management.
⚡ Adrenal & Pituitary
Adrenal & Pituitary Disorders
9 min
Adrenal
Adrenal Disorders
Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, aldosteronism, and pheochromocytoma.
7 min
Adrenal
Adrenal Fatigue vs. Adrenal Insufficiency
Is "adrenal fatigue" real? Learn the difference between this unproven concept and true adrenal insufficiency.
8 min
Pituitary
Pituitary Disorders
Prolactinoma, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and hypopituitarism explained.
7 min
Adrenal
Endocrine Hypertension
When high blood pressure has a hormonal cause — aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, and Cushing's.